| 1. | Long consonants are written with double letters; is a trill.
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| 2. | Many, but not all of these forms had long consonants.
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| 3. | Overlong consonants are somewhat longer still than regular long consonants.
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| 4. | A syllable closed by a long consonant is made a long syllable.
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| 5. | Many languages shortened the long consonants at some point afterwards.
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| 6. | Underlyingly long consonants become short before another consonant.
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| 7. | Where long consonants occur unpredictably they are indicated with an apostrophe following the consonant.
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| 8. | All overlong syllables were then turned into long syllables by shortening the long consonant.
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| 9. | Beyond expanding in length, long consonants add a schwa when they precede other consonants.
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| 10. | Later in Middle Dutch, the distinction between short and long consonants started to disappear.
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